Previous Year Question
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List-I (Philosopher) | List-II (Philosophy) |
A. Ramanuja | 1. Suddhadvait |
B. Madhavacharya | 2. Dvaitadvait |
C. Nimbarka | 3. Dvaita |
D. Vallabhacharya | 4. Vishishtadvaita |
Code:
A–4, B–3, C–2, D–1
A–3, B–1, C–4, D–2
A–1, B–2, C–3, D–4
A–2, B–4, C–1, D–3
Correct Answer: A
Detailed Solution
Ramanuja is associated with Vishishtadvaita philosophy. It accepts the unity of Brahman while also recognising individual souls and the world as real. Souls and the world depend on Brahman and have a distinctive relationship with it. Therefore, it means qualified non-dualism.
Madhvacharya is associated with Dvaita philosophy. It maintains a real distinction between God and the individual soul; the soul is neither equal to nor completely identical with God. God is independent, whereas the soul depends on him. Devotion holds an important place in this philosophy. “Madhavacharya” in the question refers here to Madhvacharya, the exponent of Dvaita.
Nimbarka is associated with Dvaitadvaita philosophy. It is also called Svabhavika Bhedabheda, or natural difference and non-difference. According to it, souls and the world are both different from and non-different from Brahman. Their distinctive characteristics account for difference, while their dependence on and relationship with Brahman account for non-difference.
Vallabhacharya is associated with Shuddhadvaita philosophy. It regards Brahman as the ultimate reality while also accepting the world as real. The world is a manifestation of Brahman and is not considered merely an illusion. Acceptance of the world’s reality in Shuddhadvaita is central to understanding this school.