Previous Year Question
Which Amendment Acts deal with Local Governance Institutions in India?
63rd and 64th Amendment Acts
86th and 87th Amendment Acts
42nd and 43rd Amendment Acts
73rd and 74th Amendment Acts
Correct Answer: D
Detailed Solution
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
This amendment inserted Part IX into the Constitution, containing Articles 243 to 243O relating to Panchayats.
It established the constitutional framework for Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, intermediate and district levels.
The amendment also inserted the Eleventh Schedule, which contains 29 subjects relating to Panchayats.
According to Article 243E, the normal duration of Panchayats is five years.
Under Article 243K, the superintendence, direction and control of Panchayat elections are entrusted to the State Election Commission.
This amendment came into effect on 24 April 1993.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992
This amendment inserted Part IX-A into the Constitution, containing Articles 243P to 243ZG relating to Municipalities.
It established the constitutional framework for Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporations.
The amendment also inserted the Twelfth Schedule, which contains 18 subjects relating to urban local bodies.
These include urban planning, regulation of land use, roads, water supply, public health and urban poverty alleviation.
According to Article 243U, the normal duration of Municipalities is five years.
Under Article 243ZA, the superintendence, direction and control of municipal elections are entrusted to the State Election Commission.
This amendment came into effect on 1 June 1993.
Thus, the 73rd Amendment established the constitutional framework for rural local governance, while the 74th Amendment established the constitutional framework for urban local governance.