Previous Year Question
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I (Movement) | List-II (Year) | |
A. Pabna | 1. | 1855–56 |
B. Eka | 2. | 1873–85 |
C. Santhal | 3. | 1922 |
D. Tana Bhagat | 4. | 1914 |
Codes:
A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Correct Answer: B
Detailed Solution
The correct matching is — Pabna Movement–1873–85, Eka Movement–1922, Santhal Rebellion–1855–56 and Tana Bhagat Movement–1914.
The Pabna Peasant Movement is associated with the period 1873–1885. In the Pabna region of Bengal, the principal disputes between peasants and zamindars concerned enhancement of rent, illegal cesses and attempts to weaken the occupancy rights of peasants. In 1873, the peasants formed an Agrarian League to organise themselves and protect their rights.
An important feature of the Pabna Movement was that the peasants made extensive use of organised and legal resistance. Their principal struggle was against zamindari oppression, and the background created by such agrarian movements made the need for land-related reforms such as the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 increasingly evident.
The Eka Movement arose mainly during 1921–22 in Hardoi, Bahraich, Sitapur and adjoining areas of the United Provinces. Madari Pasi was its principal leader. Peasant grievances included high rents, eviction, illegal exactions and exploitation by landlords. The question matches this movement with 1922.
The Santhal Rebellion occurred during 1855–56. It was led prominently by Sidhu and Kanhu. The uprising was a widespread tribal resistance against land and economic exploitation associated with zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial system.
The Santhal Rebellion was so extensive that the administration subsequently had to alter the governance of the Santhal areas, and the Santhal Parganas developed as a separate administrative area. This demonstrates the wider social and administrative impact of the rebellion.
The Tana Bhagat Movement began in 1914 among the Oraon community of Chotanagpur. Its early leader was Jatra Oraon or Jatra Bhagat. In its initial phase, ideas of religious-social purification, rejection of animal sacrifice and liquor, and reform of community life were prominent.
The Tana Bhagat Movement later acquired a stronger character of opposition to colonial taxation and exploitation, and during the 1920s its followers also developed links with Gandhian nationalist politics and non-violent movements.