Previous Year Question
It is possible to produce algae-based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry?
Production of algae-based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
Setting up and engineering the algae-based biofuel production requires a high level of expertise/technology until the construction is completed.
Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large-scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 and 2
2 and 3
3 only
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: B
Detailed Solution
Biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol and other types of biofuels can be produced from algae.
Microalgae having high lipid content are mainly used for biofuel production.
Algae can be cultivated not only in seas but also in open ponds and photobioreactors on land.
Non-arable land, saline water and, under certain conditions, treated wastewater can also be used for this purpose.
Therefore, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Algae-based biofuel production involves the selection and cultivation of suitable algal species, nutrient supply and contamination control.
In addition, the conditions of light, temperature, carbon dioxide and water have to be controlled.
Harvesting algal biomass, dewatering, drying, oil extraction and conversion into fuel are technically complex processes.
Establishing and engineering plants for these processes requires high-level technical expertise.
Limited availability of the required technology, trained human resources and capital can become a constraint in developing countries.
Therefore, Statement 2 is correct.
Economically viable production may require algae cultivation and processing facilities to be established on a large scale.
Such facilities may require land, water, energy, nutrients and substantial capital.
They may raise ecological and social concerns related to water use, land allocation, nutrient runoff and effects on local communities.
Therefore, Statement 3 is correct.