Previous Year Question
Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of ‘Harijana’ in his political and social programme?
Correct Answer: A
Detailed Solution
Option (a) is correct.
British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award on 16 August 1932. It provided separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Opposing this provision, Gandhiji began a fast unto death in Yeravada Jail on 20 September 1932.
Negotiations subsequently took place between representatives of the Depressed Classes and caste Hindus, resulting in the Poona Pact on 24 September 1932.
It is important to keep the following facts clear:
Gandhiji was not himself a signatory to the Poona Pact.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar represented the Depressed Classes.
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya played a leading role on behalf of caste Hindus.
The Pact replaced separate electorates with reserved seats for the Depressed Classes within joint electorates.
After the Poona Pact, Gandhiji incorporated the eradication of untouchability and the upliftment of the Depressed Classes into his socio-political programme in a more organised manner. Its major outcomes included:
30 September 1932: The All-India Anti-Untouchability League was established; it was subsequently called the Harijan Sevak Sangh.
February 1933: Gandhiji’s weekly journal ‘Harijan’ began publication.
Wider campaigns were undertaken for temple entry, equal access to public facilities, education and the eradication of untouchability.
Clarity about the other options:
(b) Gandhi-Irwin Agreement, 1931: It concerned the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement, political prisoners and participation in the Round Table Conference.
(c) Arrest of Congress leadership, 1942: It was connected with the suppression of the Quit India Movement.
(d) Government of India Act, 1935: It concerned constitutional reforms and provincial autonomy.