Previous Year Question

A Lotic Ecosystem is an aquatic ecosystem in which water flows continuously or seasonally. Its major examples include Rivers, Streams, and Creeks. In these ecosystems, water generally flows from higher to lower elevations. The velocity of water flow, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and nutrient availability influence the structure of the ecosystem and the organisms inhabiting it.

The principal characteristic of a Lotic Ecosystem is Water Current. Flowing water can enhance the mixing of atmospheric oxygen, particularly in fast-flowing sections. Water currents transport Sediments, minerals, and Organic Matter from one location to another. Algae, Aquatic Insects, fish, and other organisms inhabiting these ecosystems develop adaptations to flowing water. Some organisms possess flattened bodies or adaptations that enable them to remain attached to surfaces.

A Lentic Ecosystem differs from a Lotic Ecosystem. It contains standing or relatively slow-moving water. Its major examples include Ponds and Lakes. Due to longer water retention, Lentic Ecosystems may develop Thermal Stratification, nutrient accumulation, and variations in oxygen availability at different depths. In contrast, water flow primarily controls the transport and distribution of materials in Lotic Ecosystems.

Marshy Areas and Swamps are examples of Wetland Ecosystems. Marshes are mainly dominated by herbaceous vegetation such as grasses, whereas Swamps may contain predominantly trees and shrubs. Water in these ecosystems is generally standing or slow-moving, although some wetlands are also connected to flowing river systems.