Previous Year Question
The maximum biodiversity is found in
Tropical rain forests
Temperate forests
Coniferous forests
Arctic forests
Correct Answer: A
Detailed Solution
Tropical Rain Forests are among the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. They contain exceptionally high diversity of plants, animals, insects, fungi and microorganisms.
The major reasons for their high biodiversity are—
Warm and humid climate throughout the year: Relatively high temperature and abundant rainfall allow biological activity to continue throughout the year.
High Primary Productivity: Abundant solar energy and moisture support high plant productivity, providing food and habitats for a large number of organisms.
Long evolutionary stability: Tropical regions have experienced relatively stable climatic conditions over long periods, providing more time for species to evolve and diversify.
Complex vegetation structure: Tropical Rain Forests contain several layers such as the canopy, understory and forest floor. These create numerous different ecological niches.
In general, species diversity is higher near the Equator and decreases towards the poles. This pattern is known as the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient.