Previous Year Question
Which one of the following is the seventh part of the State according to Saptang Theory of State?
Janapad
Durga
Mitra
Mitra
Correct Answer: C
Detailed Solution
In Kautilya's Arthashastra, the State is conceived as consisting of seven interrelated limbs or Prakritis. This is known as the Saptanga Theory of State.
The seven limbs in their order are—
Svami — the King/Sovereign
Amatya — Ministers and officials
Janapada — the territory and its people
Durga — the fortified capital/stronghold
Kosha — the treasury
Danda — force, army or coercive authority of the State
Mitra — ally or friendly State
Thus, the seventh and final limb of the Saptanga theory is Mitra.
Here, Mitra does not merely mean a personal friend; it refers to an ally or friendly State that can assist the kingdom in both peace and war.
In Kautilya's conception, all seven limbs are interdependent. The strength of a State does not depend only upon its ruler; capable ministers, a prosperous territory and population, a secure fort, an adequate treasury, effective force and dependable allies are all essential.