Previous Year Question
Which indicators are used in Human Development Index (HDI)?
Income level
Education
Condition of environment
Life expectancy
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Only 1, 2 and 3
Only 1 and 4
Only 1, 2 and 4
Only 1 and 2
Correct Answer: C
Detailed Solution
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures three major dimensions of human development—health, education and standard of living.
Income level is a component of HDI. The standard of living is measured through Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
Education is measured through two indicators—Mean Years of Schooling and Expected Years of Schooling.
Condition of environment is not an indicator of the standard HDI. UNDP uses a separate Planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI) to account for environmental pressures.
Life expectancy represents the health dimension and is measured through Life Expectancy at Birth.
Thus, income level, education and life expectancy are included in HDI, while condition of environment is not included.