Previous Year Question

Environmental protection is included under both the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties of citizens in the Indian Constitution.

(a) Participation of workers in management of industries

Article 43A of the Constitution provides for the participation of workers in the management of industries.

According to this Article, the State shall take steps through suitable legislation or other measures to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries.

This provision is included under the Directive Principles of State Policy but is not a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A.

(b) Protection of environment

Environmental protection is mentioned under both Article 48A and Article 51A(g).

Article 48A — Directive Principle of State Policy

According to this Article, the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

It falls under the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Article 51A(g) — Fundamental Duty

According to this Article, it is the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

Article 48A and Part IVA, relating to Fundamental Duties, were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

Thus, environmental protection is a constitutional responsibility associated with both the State and citizens.

(c) Guardians to provide opportunity for education to children

Under Article 51A(k), it is the Fundamental Duty of parents or guardians to provide educational opportunities to their children between 6 and 14 years of age.

However, Article 45 directs the State to endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for children below the age of 6 years.

Therefore, the age groups and constitutional responsibilities under these two Articles are different.

(d) Uniform Civil Code

Article 44 of the Constitution directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for citizens throughout the territory of India.

It is included under the Directive Principles of State Policy but is not included as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A.

Thus, among the given options, environmental protection is the provision included under both the Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties.