Previous Year Question

Option (d) is not correctly matched. Separation of the judiciary from the executive is provided under Article 50, not Article 48. Therefore, the pair Article 48 — Separation of Judiciary from Executive is incorrect.

Article 39A is correctly matched. It seeks to ensure that the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity and that no citizen is denied access to justice because of economic or other disabilities; it therefore directs the provision of free legal aid.

Article 40 is also correctly matched. It directs the State to organise village panchayats and endow them with powers and authority necessary to function as units of self-government.

Article 44 is also correctly matched. It directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code for citizens throughout the territory of India.

Article 48 actually deals with agriculture and animal husbandry. It directs the State to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and take steps regarding preservation and improvement of breeds. Judiciary–Executive separation → Article 50.

A useful sequence to remember is—

39A → Equal justice + Free legal aid
40 → Village Panchayats
44 → Uniform Civil Code
48 → Agriculture & Animal Husbandry
50 → Separation of Judiciary from Executive