Previous Year Question
Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news?
Its extract is widely used in cosmetics
It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows
Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides
None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Detailed Solution
Prosopis juliflora is an invasive alien plant species.
It is commonly known as Vilayati Kikar, Vilayati Babul or mesquite.
It is originally a species of the tropical regions of Mexico, Central America and South America.
It was introduced into India to provide fuelwood and for afforestation in arid regions.
It is highly drought-tolerant and can grow rapidly even in low-rainfall and saline areas.
Its roots can penetrate deep into the ground to obtain water and nutrients.
It produces a large number of seeds, which are dispersed mainly by animals.
Its seeds can survive under harsh conditions and germinate when favourable conditions become available.
By forming dense and thorny thickets, it reduces the space, light, water and nutrients available to native plant species.
Consequently, the regeneration of indigenous grasses, shrubs and trees is obstructed.
Thus, its extensive spread affects local biodiversity and the structure of ecosystems.
Its dense expansion can also reduce the productivity of grazing lands and the availability of indigenous fodder for animals.
It is difficult to remove because it can regrow from the root or the base of the stem after being cut.
It is mentioned in the news mainly because of its invasive spread and adverse impact on biodiversity.
The widespread use of its extract in cosmetics or its use in the synthesis of pesticides is not the principal reason for its mention in the news.