Previous Year Question
Consider the following pairs:
Terms sometimes seen in the news | Their origins |
1. Annex-I Countries | Cartagena Protocol |
2. Certified Emissions Reductions | Nagoya Protocol |
3. Clean Development Mechanism | Kyoto Protocol |
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
1 and 2
2 and 3
Only 3
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: C
Detailed Solution
Annex-I Countries are associated with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Annex-I mainly includes industrialized countries and countries with economies in transition.
These countries were expected to limit greenhouse-gas emissions and submit regular emission inventories.
The Cartagena Protocol is an agreement concerning biosafety under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
It mainly deals with the safe transfer, handling and transboundary movement of living modified organisms.
Therefore, Annex-I Countries did not originate from the Cartagena Protocol. Pair 1 is not correctly matched.
A Certified Emission Reduction (CER) is an emission unit issued under the Clean Development Mechanism.
One CER generally represents a reduction of one metric tonne of carbon-dioxide-equivalent emissions.
CERs are associated with the Kyoto Protocol, not the Nagoya Protocol. Therefore, Pair 2 is not correctly matched.
The Nagoya Protocol concerns access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The Clean Development Mechanism was established under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol.
It allowed developed countries with emission-reduction commitments to earn CERs by implementing projects in developing countries.
The Clean Development Mechanism aimed to help developed countries meet emission targets and promote sustainable development in developing countries.
Other flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol included Joint Implementation and International Emissions Trading.