Previous Year Question
Consider the following dynasties:
Hoysala
Gahadavala
Kakatiya
Yadava
How many of the above dynasties established their kingdoms in early eighth century AD?
Correct Answer: D
Detailed Solution
The key expression in the question is “established their kingdoms.” The existence of early ancestors or feudatory chiefs of a dynasty is not the same as the establishment of an independent kingdom.
Hoysala — No. Major independent Hoysala political power developed in the eleventh–twelfth centuries. Vishnuvardhana, whose reign is placed around 1110–1152 CE, is associated with the establishment of a substantial Hoysala kingdom. UNESCO likewise places the major Hoysala architectural phase in the twelfth–thirteenth centuries. It was therefore not an early eighth-century kingdom.
Gahadavala — No. The Gahadavala kingdom of the Kannauj-Varanasi region emerged around 1090 CE, with Chandradeva regarded as the founder of this political power. This was roughly three centuries after the early eighth century.
Kakatiya — No. Early Kakatiya chiefs initially functioned as feudatories of other Deccan powers. Their independent kingdom clearly emerged in the twelfth century; Rudradeva (1158–1195 CE) asserted independence from Chalukya overlordship.
Yadava — No. The Yadava/Seuna lineage had earlier roots, but the independent Yadava kingdom of Devagiri was established only in the later twelfth century under Bhillama. Maharashtra Gazetteer likewise records that the Yadavas had earlier been feudatories of the Later Chalukyas before becoming independent.
Hoysala → Not early 8th century
Gahadavala → Not early 8th century
Kakatiya → Not early 8th century
Yadava → Not early 8th century