Previous Year Question
Which one of the following ancient towns is well-known for its elaborate system of water harvesting and management by building a series of dams and channelising water into connected reservoirs?
Correct Answer: A
Detailed Solution
Dholavira was an important city of the Harappan Civilization, situated on Khadir Island in the Kutch region of present-day Gujarat. Since it was located in an arid environment, its inhabitants developed an exceptionally sophisticated water-harvesting and water-management system. UNESCO specifically highlights this sophisticated water-management system as a major feature of Dholavira.
The settlement was strategically located between two seasonal streams. Water from rainfall and seasonal flows was harnessed and stored through an interconnected system of reservoirs. Archaeological remains include a series of reservoirs to the east and south of the citadel.
Dholavira's system went beyond simple water storage. Its urban planning incorporated water harvesting, storm-water drains and a sophisticated drainage system, demonstrating advanced hydraulic engineering within the Harappan urban framework.
Dholavira was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021. The site was discovered in 1968 and excavated over 13 field seasons between 1989 and 2005.